Barriers of the Green Supply Chain Management Implementation: A Benchmark of Studies of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Interpretive Structural Modeling

: Because firms are considering the influence of their operations on the environment, the green supply chain has become a crucial indication of corporate performance. The issues here necessitate both competent management and a fresh, innovative strategy for cost reduction, productivity enhancement, and natural resource protection. We shall try to understand the Barriers of Green Supply Chain Management concept in this report. A total of 47 obstacles were discovered after a thorough review of the literature. Priority ranking stability is investigated via a sensitivity analysis. Using existing models have mostly focused on identifying these constraints.


Introduction
In recent years, ecological hardship and devastation have drawn attention to the negative repercussions of human activities. Green supply chain practices are gaining traction in today's manufacturing environment. Natural resource depletion, rising consumer demands for quality and quantity, tight regulations, and cost reduction are all issues we face. On the other side, environmental protection by the government and the general population is a significant problem and hardship. As a result, the GSCM, or "Green Supply Chain Management," addresses the environmental conundrum, which illustrates the absorption of environmental issues into traditional SCM, or "Supply Chain Management," on many levels. GSCM is essential for decreasing a manufacturing facility's total negative environmental impact. Green values can be included into everyday supply chain operations [1]. Nonetheless, the benefits of the GSCM in the sector, as well as the adoption of the Green ideology, will pose a slew of issues for businesses. The difficulties, referred to as problems encountered throughout GSCM's employment, are classified into five categories: subcontracting, technology, information, financial, engaging, and supporting.
The following is how this paper is made: A literature overview of GSCM obstacles is presented in Section 2. part 3: a list of all the barriers that we were able to get from the studies Section 4 discusses the study's solution method, which represents the two solutions that we will focus on: the ISM and the AHP. Finally, section 5 summarizes the study's findings and makes recommendations for further research [2].

Literature review and background.
Despite the benefits and relevance of the GSCM for our company and future, businesses may face challenges in implementing the Green idea. Obstacles experienced during GSCM's time on the job.
Many scholars conducted a literature review, according to which [3][4][5] . The hurdles to GSCM are divided into five categories: 1. Inadequate technology and facilities. 2. A lack of awareness and assistance. 3. Administration and activity policies that are not supportive. 4. Economic problems. 5. Outsourcing. Table 1: Some existing works on green supply chain barriers analysis [2] Authors Nature of contribution [6] Lessons from the public and private sectors on the drivers and impediments to environmental supply chain management techniques. [7] From an Indian viewpoint, the barriers to implementing green supply chain management employing interpretative structural modeling methodologies in the car sector. [8] Modeling the Information Sharing Barriers with an ISM framework. [9] The drivers and roadblocks to implementing green supply chain management in Mozambique's industrial industry. [10] A Complete Interpretive Systemic Modeling Approach to Flexible Green Supply Chain Management Opportunities and Barriers [11] Multi-objective sustainable and green closed loop Network architecture of a fuzzy supply chain. [12] Definition and Challenges of Green Supply Chain Management, as well as Literature Analysis During Implementation [1] An instance of an emerging economy's assessment of impediments to green supply chain management application [13] An exploratory investigation of Chinese SMEs in terms of integrating sustainable, operationally successful supply chain techniques.

The list of the barriers in GSCM
Based on literature surveys and research conducted [14], 47 obstacles were discovered and categorised based on their context and similarities throughout this study. Table 2 lists the sources of source barriers.: Table 2: List of barriers [14] Outsourcing 1. A concern for environmental suppliers' preservation.
2. Difficulty in calculating and recording suppliers' environmental practices.
3. There is no environmental interaction between the supplier and the environment. 4. Goods and rules may collide in the future. 5. The government's lack of support for environmentally friendly initiatives.

Interpretive structural modeling:
ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) is a tool for assessing the relationship between specific elements that define a problem or issue. It was first created in the 1970s. [15], [16]. ISM is interpretive since the choice of group for analysis determines if and how the variables are linked. [17] These ISM modeling phases are depicted in Figure 1.  12 There aren't enough climate protections in place (EEM) Figure 1: ISM methodology flow chart [17] • Stage 1: Variables that impact the system: barriers (Table 2) • Stage 2: With the most experienced supply chain managers and corporate executives, a group investigation is conducted to identify the most prominent barriers and establish a short list for the ISM study based on the hurdles highlighted in phase 1: Example of case study of textile in South-east Asia [13]: • Stage 3 : The formation of the structural selfinteraction matrix is the first stage of the ISM (SSIM). Between either of the two obstacles I and j) and the related relationship path, contextual relationships were tested. Four symbols were utilized to represent the orientation of the relationship between two barriers (I and j       [13] • Stage 7: The generated diagraph is transformed into an interpretative structural model by replacing variable nodes with sentences. [17] The driver's power-dependence matrix reveals the relative importance of each aspect as well as their interdependence. Factors of Autonomy / Dependence / Driving / Linkage

Analytic Hierarchy Process
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). which rigorously delineates the complexity of the issue setting. is based on a set of assumptions. It is built on a well-defined mathematical structure of consistent matrices and the capacity to construct true or approximate right-hand weights. the eigenvector [18]. It's a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology that's been successfully used to environmental challenges in recent years. This method is commonly used in the corporate world to make decisions [19].  Three criteria have been used to AHP to assure the grading of obstacles to GSCM deployment. and the findings have been reported.

Identifying roadblocks and constructing a hierarchical prioritizing model. as specified in Chapter III
The common impediments are identified and escalated to a priority level of concern after the first stage.

Review of the literature on the GSCM/Barrier to Adoption
Obstacles in the literature and findings from expert group study The design of a questionnaire and data collecting The most prevalent difficulties identified by several groups were examined.
The AHP methodology uncovered some basic key impediments.

Conclusions, Discussion, and Recommendations
In this level Figure 6. the four-hierarchy choice process is broken down into phases: • Level-I: The goal/general purpose.
• Level-II: This is the level reflected in the barrier group. • Level III: This level of the system presents unique obstacles. • Level-IV: Priorities for critical barriers are defined at this level.

Establish normalized weights for each barrier category and each individual barrier
We'll need a numerical scale to do comparisons that demonstrates how much more significant or better one piece is than another in terms of the criteria or characteristic being compared against. There are two procedures that lead to the same objective.

Moderately
Practice and judgment favor one behavior over another by a little margin.
5 Strongly Experience and choice significantly or fundamentally favor one action over another. 7 Very strongly A certain activity is greatly desired over another. and its superiority is demonstrated in practice.

Extremely
The greatest level of affirmation is the proof that favors one procedure over another.

Intermediate values
A balance between theabovementioned preferences is represented by this symbol.

Reciprocals
Reciprocals for inverse comparison [20] The consistency ratio may be computed using the procedures below:

Pair-Wise Comparison Matrix Consistency Check
• Calculate the eigenvector or relative weights for each n-dimensional matrix.
• Compute the consistency index for each matrix of order n by the formula: CI = (λmax−n) / (n−1) • The consistency ratio is then calculated using the formula: CR=CI/RI (random Index) Arrange the elements in a matrix and get comments from individuals who are arguing the relative relevance of the various factors in relation to the ultimate objective of home happiness [21]. Table 6 depicts the decision-making scale to be used. This scale has been proven to be effective in a variety of applications as well as theoretical comparisons with a variety of other scales.   The weight is simply derived by dividing each value from Table 7 by the sum, yielding the standardised matrix, To test if the measured value is right, multiply the value of the column of criterion value by the weight,  We may assume that the matrix is sufficiently consistent since CR 0,1 and then utilize the result

Conclusion
To focus on environmental challenges, manufacturing firms have lately begun to implement the green idea in their supply chain management. However, owing to the identification of impediments, the process of applying green concepts in their supply chain management was found to be extremely challenging. The goal of this study is to identify and prioritize the hurdles to implementing Green supply chain management (GSCM) using both assess the ISM and AHP methods . From a thorough literature review and discussions with industry experts, 47 frequent hurdles were identified, and both studies were carried out using a questionnaire-based survey and work study group . this work utilizing a model used by wellknown researchers in the field into foreign countries, An ISM-based model was constructed to investigate the interactions between the factors, The driver's powerdependence matrix reveals the relative importance of each aspect as well as their interdependence, The ISM-based model provides a clear picture of the relationship between the variables, [22], The recommended solution, however, The AHP method was used to assign these barriers a rank (priorities) based on industrial experts judgments, which were then converted into a Pair-wise comparison matrix for barrier category, by dividing this matrix on the sum of each colomne we get a standardization matrix for barrier category, and finally a weight wich is the medium of the sum of each line, which gave us the barriers priorities ,This method is more accurate and give a clear idea on the impact of the main barriers and then we can focus on the solution , this method is used for almost all the issues that face the industrial world, Our perspective for the the future is the application of AHP process on the moroccan industries with various activities in order to understand what block ou moroccan companies to apply the green supply chain management in their activities .