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Unveiling the Evolving Threat Landscape of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks Methodology and Security Measures
1 Information Systems Department, Irbid National University, Irbid, Jordan
2 2Information Systems Department, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, 90747, USA
*whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: meyadat@csudh.edu
Received: 16 August 2025, Revised: 16 September 2025, Accepted: 18 September 2025, Published Online: 23 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue on SP7 (Special Issue on Multidisciplinary Sciences and Advanced Technology (SI-MSAT 2025)) and the Section Information Systems – Computer Science (ISC))
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APA Style
Eyadat, E. , Eyadat, M. and Alfaqih, A. (2025). Unveiling the Evolving Threat Landscape of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks Methodology and Security Measures. Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences, 4(10), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.55708/js0410002
Eyadat, E. , Eyadat, M. and Alfaqih, A. (2025). Unveiling the Evolving Threat Landscape of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks Methodology and Security Measures. Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences, 4(10), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.55708/js0410002
Chicago/Turabian Style
Eman Eyadat, Mohammad Eyadat and Abedalrahman Alfaqih. "Unveiling the Evolving Threat Landscape of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks Methodology and Security Measures." Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences 4, no. 10 (October 2025): 9–20. https://doi.org/10.55708/js0410002
Eman Eyadat, Mohammad Eyadat and Abedalrahman Alfaqih. "Unveiling the Evolving Threat Landscape of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks Methodology and Security Measures." Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences 4, no. 10 (October 2025): 9–20. https://doi.org/10.55708/js0410002
IEEE Style
E. Eyadat, M. Eyadat and A. Alfaqih, "Unveiling the Evolving Threat Landscape of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks Methodology and Security Measures," Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 9–20, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.55708/js0410002.
E. Eyadat, M. Eyadat and A. Alfaqih, "Unveiling the Evolving Threat Landscape of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks Methodology and Security Measures," Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 9–20, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.55708/js0410002.
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Abstract
This paper proposes a concrete severity classification framework and an evaluation lens for DDoS defenses (not a descriptive survey) and contributes two specific advancements. First, it introduces a quartile-based severity classification framework for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks that extends beyond conventional binary detection. The framework classifies observed traffic into four categories (Q1–Q4) using thresholds derived from packet length, packet rate, and estimated bandwidth consumption. This multi-dimensional approach provides a clearer picture of attack intensity, enabling proportional defensive responses. Second, the paper provides a comparative evaluation of mitigation strategies deployed at different levels of the network, including victim side, source side, core router based, and distributed mechanisms. Each is assessed against a consistent set of technical metrics, highlighting strengths, limitations, and tradeoffs that are essential for operational decision making. Together, these contributions move the work beyond description into a methodological and evaluative framework. Future research directions include adaptive threshold tuning in real time environments, integration of the classification scheme into programmable network infrastructures, and automated mapping of severity levels to specific mitigation playbooks in cloud and edge computing contexts.
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