Geography (GRP)

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Geography (GRP)

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Geography focuses on the spatial relationships, patterns, and processes that shape natural environments and human societies. It integrates physical, human, and environmental sciences to examine how landscapes evolve, how people interact with their surroundings, and how spatial dynamics influence social, economic, and ecological systems.

Modern research in geography includes climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, human–environment interactions, urban and regional studies, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, spatial analysis, and sustainability science. Advances in geospatial technologies, modeling, big data analytics, and interdisciplinary research continue to broaden the scope of geographic inquiry.

This section publishes empirical studies, spatial analyses, theoretical developments, case studies, and reviews addressing environmental processes, human geography themes, geospatial technologies, regional development, land-use change, and the interactions between physical and human systems.

Scope
  • Physical Geography
    • Climate systems, atmospheric processes, and weather patterns
    • Landform development, geomorphology, and earth-surface processes
    • Hydrology, watersheds, and river systems
    • Biogeography, ecosystems, and environmental gradients
  • Human Geography
    • Population dynamics, migration, and demographic change
    • Urbanization, settlement patterns, and spatial inequality
    • Cultural landscapes, identity, and social geography
    • Economic geography, trade networks, and regional development
  • Environmental Geography and Human–Environment Interactions
    • Land-use change, sustainability, and resource management
    • Environmental risks, hazards, and resilience
    • Anthropogenic impacts on climate, water, and ecosystems
    • Adaptation, mitigation, and environmental policy interfaces
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Analysis
    • GIS modeling, geostatistics, and spatial decision support
    • Spatial data integration, management, and visualization
    • Topographic, thematic, and cadastral mapping
    • Applications of GIS in transportation, health, environment, and planning
  • Remote Sensing and Earth Observation
    • Optical, radar, thermal, and multispectral imaging
    • Satellite-based monitoring of environmental and land-surface changes
    • Image classification, feature extraction, and sensor fusion
    • Applications in agriculture, forestry, disaster management, and climate studies
  • Urban and Regional Geography
    • Urban form, land-use planning, and spatial organization
    • Housing, transportation systems, and metropolitan governance
    • Regional disparities, economic integration, and spatial policy
    • Sustainable development and smart-city strategies
  • Transportation, Mobility, and Spatial Networks
    • Transport geography and accessibility analysis
    • Logistics, mobility patterns, and network modeling
    • Infrastructure planning and spatial connectivity
    • Impacts of transportation on environment and society
  • Applied Geography and Interdisciplinary Studies
    • Geographical approaches to health, hazards, and sustainability
    • Geospatial applications in policy, governance, and resource management
    • Participatory mapping, field surveys, and community-based research
    • Integration of physical and human geography for complex system analysis
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