Superconductivity Research Method Based on Atomic Properties and Hole-Electron Tensor
(This article belongs to the Special Issue on SP8 (Special Issue on Digital and Engineering Transformations in Science and Technology (SI-DETST-26)) and the Section Condensed Matter Physics (CMP))
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Zhang, G. and Zhang, X. (2026). Superconductivity Research Method Based on Atomic Properties and Hole-Electron Tensor. Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences, 05(06), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.55708/js0506003
Guohua Zhang and Xiyu Zhang. "Superconductivity Research Method Based on Atomic Properties and Hole-Electron Tensor." Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences 05, no. 06 (June 2026): 27–38. https://doi.org/10.55708/js0506003
G. Zhang and X. Zhang, "Superconductivity Research Method Based on Atomic Properties and Hole-Electron Tensor," Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences, vol. 05, no. 06, pp. 27–38, Jun. 2026, doi: 10.55708/js0506003.
The microscopic mechanism of superconducting critical temperature (Tc) remains a long-standing unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. Based on de Broglie's matter wave theory, this work introduces the concepts of superconducting gene (SCG) and superconducting DNA (SCD). A phenomenological model is proposed that relates Tc to the number of orbital electron-hole pairs (N), the mass of SCD, and the diameter of SCG. The model is validated across multiple material families, including copper oxides, iron-based superconductors, and high-pressure hydrides. It is found that the critical temperature of superconductivity can be effectively increased by adjusting the electron orbital filling (N), SCG (a), and introducing light element heterojunctions. Based on this, the "orbital engineering" strategy is proposed, which provides a new path to break through the bottleneck of room-temperature superconductivity. In addition, isotope effect of all superconductors is verified by the general superconducting formula, which further guides the design of effective components of high-temperature superconductors. This work attempts to incorporate the isotope effect of BCS theory superconductor and strong correlation theory superconductor into a unified phenomenological framework, providing a consistent description of the critical temperature mechanism across different types of superconductors. A hole-electron model based on electron and hole arrangement is constructed, which can dynamically describe the formation, division and recombination processes of carrier pairs, so as to more accurately simulate the superconductivity mechanism. This study not only makes important theoretical progress, but also provides a solid foundation and innovative ideas for future design and development of new superconducting materials. By combining pressure/doping regulation, light element heterojunction design and other methods, it is expected to achieve superconducting materials with higher critical temperatures and promote the application and development of superconducting technology.
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